We’ve all seen it happen: An older friend or family member retires, is diagnosed with a serious illness or loses a spouse. Suddenly, this individual’s world is altered, sometimes seemingly beyond recognition. He has reached a fork in the road; will he get stuck or find a way to regroup and move on?
In a new book, “The End of Old Age,” Dr. Marc Agronin, a geriatric psychiatrist, calls this moment an “age point” — an event that disrupts an older person’s life and challenges the person’s ability to cope while also offering the potential for new growth.
Growth is one of Agronin’s primary preoccupations. As director of mental health services at Miami Jewish Health Systems, he says he frequently sees older adults rise to difficult challenges, demonstrating their adaptability and resourcefulness. Yet the oft-repeated narrative of decline associated with aging — that this stage of life is all about loss and deterioration — doesn’t recognize these positives, he argues.
In a wide-ranging discussion, we talked about aging, resilience and how people can prepare for this stage of life. Our conversation has been edited for length and clarity.
Q: How did you become interested in aging issues?
I grew up in a small town in Wisconsin surrounded by lots of older loved ones. Two sets of grandparents. A set of great-grandparents. Many aunts and uncles. I never looked at aging in a negative way. I look at it in terms of what people gained: wisdom.
Q: A key theme of your new book is that aging brings strengths. What kind of strengths?
As we get older and experience a great variety of things, including adversity and loss, we continue to develop and mature in terms of how we view the world. We tend to be better able to weigh competing points of view and find ways to understand and accept them.
We also tend to be less emotionally reactive as the connections between the brain’s fear center, our amygdala, and our frontal lobe become richer and more developed. We’re better able to reflect upon our experiences. And we tend to use more parts of our brain simultaneously when dealing with problems, so there’s greater synergy.
Put all this together and it adds up to wisdom — a key strength of aging.
Q: What do you mean by wisdom?
We can think of wisdom the same way we think of multiple forms of intelligence. One type is based on expert knowledge — things that we’ve learned to do really well. Another type relates to expert decision-making — being really good at understanding and dealing with problems. For some people, wisdom is all about empathy and caring — connecting with other people. For other people, it’s about creativity or spirituality — a transcendent view of life.
Q: Are these strengths reserved only for people in good health or who have enough money to be comfortable? What about seniors in poor health who are barely squeaking by?
A lot of theories of aging leave this group out. They don’t account for people suffering from dementia, other major losses in life or serious illnesses or disabilities.
Those are the individuals I work with every day. I’ve seen over and over again that we can help these people. Expectations have to be adjusted, obviously, when dementia or serious illness enters the picture. We have to adapt and rethink what our purpose is — what can make life meaningful.
I’ve found that if we try to get these seniors involved in activities, to help and support their families, to make sure they’re on the right medications, to provide empathy and care, we can make their lives better.
Q: You highlight the importance of resilience in your book. What makes resilience possible?
Resilience is the ability, in the face of adversity, to assimilate what’s happened and rebalance oneself.
As we get older, we tend to be less physically resilient. Undeniably, our bodies are physically slower and more vulnerable to disease or injury. But psychologically it’s just the opposite. Because we’ve dealt with more adversity, we’ve learned coping mechanisms and survival skills.
If we apply that psychological resilience to physical insult, we can do better. The mind can lead the body. Conversely, if we don’t have faith in our resilience, that can undermine our health. I see that day in and out: Individuals who do very poorly not because of their conditions, per se, but because they don’t believe they can get better.
Q: You talk about age points in the book and outline a process people go through. Can you describe that?
Initially, confronting an age point — retirement, the loss of a spouse, a serious illness — can be a stunning and sometimes paralyzing experience. We don’t know what to do. We go through a process of trying to figure that out. Then comes what I call a “reckoning,” facing up to what needs to be done. When we find a resolution, we’re a different person and there’s great potential for growth.
People should know that there’s hope, that something good can come of this, that all of us have choices in how we respond. I’ve seen all kinds of reactions: older people who experience greater freedom and less fear after an experience of this kind. People who cast aside pretenses or rigid beliefs and let it all hang out. Other people become more spiritual, deeper in their beliefs.
Q: Another term you coin in the book is “geropause.” What’s that?
I work with a lot of older adults who just hit a wall. The wind gets knocked out of them and they lose a sense of hope. They’re stuck. There’s no term for that, so I created one.
The first thing to do is recognize that you’re stuck. Some people can’t do that; they don’t have a vision of what life can be beyond their situation. You have to have a vision or a dream to get moving again, to have the motivation to change.
Q: Your book ends with an action plan. What advice do you give?
If you’re stuck and want to move forward, reflect on your life and take stock of your interests, abilities and experiences. Don’t do this alone: Do it with other people who can point things out to you along the lines of “Mom, you did this, you love this, you’re so good at this.”
Next, think about your age points. How did you cope and what motivated you to move beyond difficult situations in the past? Again, do this with other people who know you and are eager to help.
Then, I ask people to think about what they’re going to do next and come up with a concrete plan that can get them more involved and engaged.
Finally, I encourage people to celebrate their aging — to create new rituals that make them feel good about themselves and make a big deal out of it. Think of all the goofy cards out there that make people feel bad about turning 50 or 60. Where are the cards that make people feel good about themselves? It’s time to create new traditions.
This story was produced by Kaiser Health News, an editorially independent program of the Kaiser Family Foundation.